Evolution — MDCAT Biology MCQs

1

UHS MDCAT 2009

The survival of an organism during the struggle for existence is not random, but depends on:

2

UHS MDCAT 2017

Which of the following shows evidence from evolution through molecular biology?

3

UHS MDCAT 2017

Process by which unrelated species evolve to functionally resemble each other is called:

4

UHS MDCAT 2019

Change in frequency of alleles that occurs by chance is called as:

5

UHS MDCAT 2023

Which of the following type of organs are supposed to be functional in ancestral species rather than in present day species:

6

PMDC MDCAT 2025

According to Lamarck, the evolution of lon necks in giraffes is explained by:

7

PMDC MDCAT 2025

Which of the following best describes "acquired characteristics" according to Lamarckism?

8

PMDC MDCAT 2025

The main idea in Darwin's Theory of "Origin of species by natural selection" is:

9

All the living entities are created by God, the theory named as:

10

Use & disuse of the postulate of organs was given by:

11

Balochistan MDCAT 2024

The change in allelic frequency of small population, purely by chance is called:

12

KPK MDCAT 2024

What best describes the hind leg bones seen in the baleen whale?

13

KPK MDCAT 2024

According to Lamarckism, the basis of evolution is:

14

The embryological stages of _ show similarity in anatomical features.

15

KPK MDCAT 2024

Wings of birds and that of flying lizards provide evidence of:

16

The science of discovery, identification, and interpretation of fossils by Darwin was---- evidence.

17

FMDC MDCAT 2024

Which one of the following was key point of Darwinism?

18

UHS MDCAT 2024

According to endosymbiosis theory, flagella may have been derived by the ingestion of prokaryotes similar to:

19

UHS MDCAT 2024

The idea of inheritance of acquired characteristics was presented by:

20

UHS MDCAT 2024

The formula calculating the frequency of genotypes and alleles in a population gene pool is known as:

21

UHS MDCAT 2024

Which of the following statements about natural selection is not true?

22

UHS MDCAT 2024

Which of the following increases genetic variation the most?

23

UHS MDCAT 2024

Identify the correct pair of vestigial organs:

24

UHS MDCAT 2024

The change in frequency of alleles at a locus that occurs by chance is known as:

25

Sindh MDCAT 2024

Hardy-Weinberg Equation is:

26

Balochistan MDCAT 2022

Who held to the concept unity of life?

27

Balochistan MDCAT 2022

Which of the following types of organisms first evolved about 1.5 billion years ago?

28

Among the oldest known fossils comes the _.

29

FMDC MDCAT 2022

He presented the theory of origin of species by means of natural selection.

30

KPK MDCAT 2022

The Archaeopteryx is a fossil bird which possesses the characters of both:

31

KPK MDCAT 2022

The raw materials that is used by natural selection for better survival is/are:

32

KPK MDCAT 2022

The basis of Lamarck theory of inheritance is:

33

KPK MDCAT 2022

Genetic drift is the change in the allele frequency of the population due to;

34

KPK MDCAT 2022

Who used the term "survival of the fittest"?

35

UHS MDCAT 2022

The animal species on Galapagos resemble species living on the:

36

UHS MDCAT 2022

According to the Biogenetic Law of Ernst Haeckel:

37

UHS MDCAT 2022

For evolutionary process to occur, which of the following is NOT a geographical barrier?

38

UHS MDCAT 2022

Adaptations that an organism acquires by its own actions during its life span without modifying its genome are:

39

Sindh MDCAT 2022

Artificial selection in breeding provides evidence for evolution known as:

40

Sindh MDCAT 2022

Evolution is the transformation of the form & mode of existence of an organism in such manner that the descendants differ from their ancestor, according to:

41

Sindh MDCAT 2022

The organs perform same functions in different groups of organism but are different in this internal structure called as:

42

Balochistan MDCAT 2023

Which type of organisms first evolved about 1.5 billion years ago?

43

Balochistan MDCAT 2023

Fossil of Cro-Magnon was collected from?

44

Balochistan MDCAT 2023

Which among the following permits interbreeding among individuals of the same species?

45

Balochistan MDCAT 2023

Catastrophism was explained by:

46

Darwin's "Origin of species by natural selection" is mainly concerned with:

47

According to Neo-Darwinism, which of the following is a case of evolution?

48

KPK MDCAT 2022

Who proposed the concept that an organism can pass on acquired modifications to its offspring?

49

What are the main points of Darwin's theory of evolution?

50

A respiratory protein found in all aerobic species is?

51

Sindh MDCAT 2023 (Retake)

The evolutionary view of biogeography predicts that contemporary armadillos are modified descendants of earlier species that occupied:

52

Sindh MDCAT 2023 (Retake)

A mammal that lives only in America is:

53

Out of the 13 types of finches collected by Darwin from the Galapagos:

54

Identify fossil bird among the following:

55

Which of the following types of organs are supposed to be functional in ancestral species rather than in present-day species?

56

According to evolutionary studies,prokaryotes may have arisen around:

57

UHS MDCAT 2023

Which of the following is the main point of Darwinism?

58

The frequency of a mutant gene in a population would be likely to increase if:

59

FMDC MDCAT 2023

When humans purposefully apply selection pressure to populations, the process is known as:

60

FMDC MDCAT 2023

Which statement is not correct for the Darwin's theory of natural selection?

61

Sindh MDCAT 2023

Carnivorous adaptation of plants is due to relatively low content of:

62

Sindh MDCAT 2023

The artificial selection in breeding provides strong evidence for evolution. What does this term mean?

63

Sindh MDCAT 2023

The evolution of birds has long been a difficult issue for biologists until the discovery of the Archaeopteryx fossil in 1861. This ancient bird exhibited teeth, a long tail containing 20 vertebrae, and wings with movable fingers and claws. In light of the mentioned facts, who were the ancestors of the birds?

64

Sindh MDCAT 2023

Which of the following is good evidence of an evolutionary pathway leading from reptiles to birds?

65

During Aristotle's time, it was thought that:

66

The wings of a bird and the wings of a beetle are considered as?

67

PMC Practice Test 1 2021 PMC Practice Test 1 2022

Which of the following statements was not explained by Darwin's theory?

68

PMC Practice Test 2 2021

The abiogenesis theory of origin supports:

69

PMC Practice Test 3 2021

Structures that were once functional in the past but no longer serve a purpose due to evolutionary adaptations and physiological changes are referred to as:

70

PMC Practice Test 3 2021

Which of the following is not evidence of evolution?

71

UHS MDCAT 2018

Organs specialized to perform different functions but structurally alike are:

72

UHS MDCAT 2018

Divergent evolution produces:

73

PMC Practice Test 5 2021

Which of the following are modern-day descends of theropod dinosaurs?

74

Who was the first to propose an objective definition of instincts in terms of animal behavior?

75

Armadillos live in:

76

The integration of genetics and evolution is:

77

Population genetics focuses on:

78

Neo-Darwinism was published in:

79

Homologous organs show:

80

Darwin's theory was mainly based on:

81

The idea of use and disuse of body parts was given by:

82

The use and disuse theory was proposed by:

83

Selection is:

84

"Descent with modification" was given by:

85

Embryo of a turtle, mice and human show:

86

If two species have similar proteins and genes it means?

87

An example of convergent evolution is best represented by which one of the following?

88

If an individual does not reproduce then their degree of fitness is _.

89

An example of a homologous organ is represented best by which of the following?

90

Which type of evolution is represented by analogous organs?

91

Which of the following organs serves no apparent purpose?

92

Neo-Darwinism has integrated discoveries and ideas from which of the following fields of study?

93

Archaebacteria can survive at which of the following temperature(˚C)?

94

In the evolutionary sense, which organism has the highest fitness?

95

The severe reduction in population size is due to which of the following?

96

Which theory tells about adaptation:

97

A gas absent during the pre-biotic environment was:

98

Which of the following scientists hypothesized that organisms can pass down traits acquired during their lifetimes?

99

PMC Practice Test 3 2021

Which of the following conditions is not required to be true for a population in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

100

Which scientist does not match his achievement in the following options?

101

Which of the following is not an example of evidence supporting the "endosymbiotic theory"?

102

Darwin's Theory of Evolution by natural selection is based on all of the following postulates except?

103

Which of the following statements reflecting Darwin's theory of evolution is false?

104

Which organism would be considered the most biologically fit?

105

PMC Practice Test 2 2021

The homologous organs show similarity in:

106

In humans, gill pouches have evolved into which of the following organs?

107

Which of the following processes resulted in the production of different breeds of domestic dogs and pigeons?

108

PMC Practice Test 5 2021

The best definition of natural selection is:

109

Which of the following was considered a missing link between reptiles and birds?

110

The frequency of an allele if it is evolutionary successful is?

111

Which of the following would best determine the fitness of an organism?

112

The structures of the front flipper of a whale and the forearm of a wolf have similar bone structures and derive from a common ancestor. This is an example of which of the following?

113

PMC Practice Test 1 2021 PMC Practice Test 1 2022

When resources gets scarce, the population growth?

114

Genetic diversity indicates which of the following?

115

What are the parts of Lamarck's theory of evolution?

116

How does inbreeding negatively impact a population?

117

What's the difference between homologous and analogous structures?

118

PMC Practice Test 4 2021

Outbreeding increases which of the following?

119

Homology means?

120

If the genetic diversity is low, then the chance of extinction is?

121

The random change in allele frequencies is known as what?

122

A population of birds encounters a dramatic event that results in a severe decrease in population size. As a result of the newly decreased population, what type of genetic drift does this population now exhibit?

123

The oldest mineral discovered so far is, which dates back to 4.4 billion years is

124

Two species can avoid competition, and better use the environment's resources by occupying different?

125

The process that has transformed life on earth from its earliest forms to the vast diversity is:

126

The book name in which Darwin published the theory of evolution is:

127

The experiment that simulated conditions thought to be present on the early Earth:

128

Bottlenecks increase the effect of which of the following?

129

Which of the following theories representing Lamarckism evolution is false?

130

Darwin was greatly influenced by --------

131

The wings of a bird and the wings of a beetle are considered --------

132

PMC Practice Test 1 2021 PMC Practice Test 1 2022

Primordial soup is a set of hypothetical conditions on ancient Earth first proposed by?

133

Lamarck's ideas on biological evolution contained correct and incorrect notions. Which of his ideas is correct?

134

What is a vestigial trait?

135

Which is not a necessary condition for the Hardy-Weinberg equation to be true?

136

Inbreeding increases the frequency of what?

137

The concept of evolution was first presented by which of the following scientists?

138

Flagella must have arisen through the ingestion of:

139

The change in frequency of alleles at a locus that occurs by chance is which of the following?

140

PMC Practice Test 2 2021

Which statement best describes the Hardy-Weinberg principle?

141

The Urey-Miller experiment determined which of the following results?

142

Example of a homologous organ is represented best by which of the following?

143

The ultimate source of all the change is?

144

Which of the following is known as adaptation of traits to better fill a niche?

145

What is the difference between homologous and analogous structures?

146

An embryo of a turtle, mouse, and human show?

147

Darwin came back to Britain in the year:

148

Darwin's theory was based on

149

UHS MDCAT 2015

From an evolutionary point of view, which respiratory protein is common in many organisms?

150

The comparative embryology of all vertebrates shows the development of :

151

UHS MDCAT 2017 (Reconduct)

The change in frequency of alleles at a locus that occurs by chance is termed as :

152

UHS MDCAT 2017 (Reconduct)

Organs that are functionally different but structurally alike are termed as:

153

UHS MDCAT 2017 (Reconduct)

The idea of inheritance of acquired characteristics was proposed by:

154

ETEA MDCAT 2018

Darwins finches are found in:

155

Which of the following is the major source of variation in the origin of new species?

156

Change in the frequency of alleles at a locus that occurs by chance is called:

157

According to Hardy-Weinberg theorem, the sum of recessive homozygotes, dominant homozygotes, and heterozygotes is equal to 1, what is represented by 1?

158

The origin of new species from already existing species over a period of time is called:

159

Homologous organs indicate the:

160

The variations in individuals that lead to evolution are because of differences in:

161

Which of the following ideas was not part of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection?

162

FMDC MDCAT 2015 FMDC MDCAT 2014

Consider the following statements about biological communities.(I) Their members share a common gene pool.(II) The community remains stable even though some physical aspect of the environment may undergo change.(III) They passes predictable kinds of species of predictable proportions.(IV) Interactions between their members are more frequent within the community than between their members and those of neighboring communities.Which two of the above statements apply to all stable biological communities?

163

FMDC MDCAT 2015

Which of the following has evolved mainly as a result of artificial selection?

164

FMDC MDCAT 2014

According to the Hardy-Weinberg principle, the gene pool may remain stable if there are:

165

Analogous organs provide evidence for _ evolution:

166

Sindh MDCAT 2023 (Retake)

Out of the 13 types of finches collected by Darwin from Galapagos:

167

Darwin suggested that populations of individual species become better adapted to their local environments through:

168

_ are the remains of members of species that are ancestors to modern species:

169

Which of the following is evidence of a common ancestor?

170

PMC Practice Test 4 2021

An example of 'convergent evolution' is:

171

ETEA MDCAT 2012

The idea of inheritance of acquired characteristics was given by:

172

Charles Darwin was born in?

173

Evolution leaves:

174

Darwin's theory of evolution was mainly based on the evidence from the:

175

PMC Practice Test 2 2021

Which condition can be explained by Lamarckism?

176

A change in the frequency of alleles that occurs by chance is called:

177

Two populations of the same species over time grow distant from one another. At what point will these two populations be considered different species?

178

Which of the following are important points of Lamarck's theory?

179

Inbreeding reduces the fitness of a population due to the increased genetic effect of what?

180

Which of the following is not evidence for evolution?

181

What is the frequency of an allele if it is evolutionarily successful?

182

What does it mean if two species have similiar proteins and genes?

183

PMC Practice Test 4 2021

Mating between relatives is called which of the following?

184

Prokaryotes are considered to have evolved how many years ago?

185

A group of populations that have the potential to interbreed in nature is known as which of the following?

186

PMC Practice Test 1 2021 PMC Practice Test 1 2022

When two or more clearly different phenotypes exist in the same population of species, the phenomenon is called?

187

The book in which Darwin published the theory of evolution:

188

What was the source of hydrogen for the first photosynthetic organisms?

189

The oldest mineral discovered so far is which of the following, which dates back to 4.4 billion years?

190

PMC Practice Test 4 2021

During which of the following levels of biological organization can natural selection occur?

191

What is the definition of "fitness" in terms of evolution?

192

The process that has transformed the life on earth from its earliest forms to vast diversity is

193

Which scientist sent his theory to Darwin?

194

Two species can avoid competition and use the environment's resources in a better manner by occupying different _.

195

Nictitating membrane is found in the _ and performs _function.

196

Adaptation of traits to better fill a niche is known as

197

Which of the following is a vestigial organ?

198

Who developed a theory of natural selection essentially identical to Darwin's?

199

Mating with non-relatives is known as?

200

A group of interbreeding individuals belonging to a particular species and sharing a common geographic area is called:

201

Carolus Linnaeus was a believer of which of the following?

202

In which of the following are most of the fossils found?

203

The genetic change in a population caused by natural selection is called?

204

Sindh MCAT NTS 2019

Genetic equilibrium is a:

205

Sindh MCAT NTS 2019

What is in q2 Hardy Weinberg equilibrium?

206

Which animals support Darwin's view of inheritance of desirable variation?

207

Sindh MCAT NTS 2019

There existed two varieties of female freshwater Mollusks in which some were streamlined and some had a high bulge. Over the generations, male freshwater Mollusks learned that high bulge favors more production of offspring. So they started preferring to mate with females having high bulge as compared to streamlined. Will this affect Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium in the population?

208

Sindh MCAT NTS 2019

Which factor decides what type of variation should be flourished and passed on to the next generations?

209

Which one of the following pairs represents an analogous feature?

210

NUMS MDCAT 2019

Choose the correct combination:

211

On Galapagos island, among the birds, _ caught much attention of Darwin in formulating his work, related to adaptations.

212

According to the Hardy-Weinberg theorem, what will be the frequency of heterozygote when 'p' is 0.2?

213

NUMS MDCAT 2020

Modification in the organization of the basic pentadactyl limb structure found in vertebrates provides good evidence for the principle of:

214

If allele frequency for a dominant allele is 0.4. What will be the number of heterozygous individuals if the population is of 100 individuals with diploid traits?

215

Which of the following theories or evolution can best explain the vestigial organs.

216

Sindh MCAT NTS 2016 SMBBMC Lyari

In the Hardy-Weinberg principle, p2 + 2pq + q2 = ?

217

Which of the following scientists contributed a lot to "modern synthetic theory of organic evolution:

218

The following observations refer to evolution: I. Inherited variations that are 'favored' in particular environments are passed on. II. There is a struggle for existence. III. In time, 'favored' inherited variations may accumulate causing gradual changes in the organism. IV. Although populations tend to overproduce, they remain more or less constant in numbers from generation to generation. In what sequence should the statements be placed to support Darwin's theory of evolution?

219

Sindh MCAT NTS 2016 DUHS and JSMU

Inheritance of acquired characteristics is based on:

220

Sindh MCAT NTS 2011 DUHS and JSMU

Theory of Lamarck was based on:

221

UHS MDCAT 2009

Evolutionary relationships amongst species are reflected in their:

222

This theory says that "mitochondria and chloroplasts are, in effect, ancient bacteria which now live inside the larger cells":

223

Sindh MCAT NTS 2014 DUHS and JSMU

At what point are two populations descending from the same ancestral stock considered separate species?

224

If an individual does not reproduce then it's degree of fitness is?

225

PMC Practice Test 5 2021

As long as two species occupy different niches, there is:

226

Analogous structures produced as a result of:

227

Which principle helps in determining the ratio of a phenotype in a population?

228

Which of the following best describes the impact of purifying selection?

229

Neo-Darwinism was developed in?

230

When was the Hardy-Weinberg principle proposed?

231

A gene pool is disturbed by which of the following?

232

Catastrophism theory was given by:

233

PMC Practice Test 4 2021

The last common ancestor of humans is known to be which of the following?

234

PMC Practice Test 4 2021

Darwin's theory mainly focuses on:

235

PMC Practice Test 3 2021

The frequency of an allele, if it is evolutionary successful, is?

236

PMC Practice Test 2 2021

The ability of an individual to pass on its phenotype to future generations is known as:

237

Homology means

238

Natural selection can amplify or diminish variations that are?

239

Whose theory of natural selection is essentially identical to Darwin's theory?

240

NUMS MDCAT 2020 NUMS MDCAT 2019

Analogous organs show:

241

Which of the following concepts is attributed to Lamarck?

242

Key point to Lamarck's view about organic evolution is that every offspring

243

_ occurs because natural selection gives some alleles a better chance of survival than others:

244

PMDC MDCAT 2020

The organs which are similar in function but differ in structure are called:

245

Sindh MCAT NTS 2013 DUHS and JSMU

Many scientists believe that one of the following is evolutionary origin of animals, plants and fungi?

246

The wings of birds and the forelegs of a horse are _ structures.

247

Lamarck is best known for his theory of:

248

Sindh MCAT NTS 2010 DUHS and JSMU

In the Hardy - Weinberg principle, p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1. q2 represents the frequency of the:

249

There is a small population of beetles on grass in which some are green and some are brown in color. A group of students is passing from that place and walks on them. By chance, green color beetles are pressed under their feet resulting in:

250

Two species can avoid competition and better use the environment's resources by occupying different:

251

PMC Practice Test 2 2021

Which of the following is not a vestigial organ of man?

252

Population growth is checked by which of the following?

253

Sindh MCAT NTS 2014 DUHS and JSMU

Consider the following statements about biological communities.I. Their members share a common gene poolII. The community remains stable even though some physical aspect of the environment may undergo a changeIII. It consists of all the populations living in a particular area.IV. A community interacts with a non-living environment and both function together to form an ecosystemWhich two of the above statements are true?

254

UHS MDCAT 2019

According to the theory of natural selection, organisms produce:

255

Many scientists believe that one of the following is evolutionary origin(s) of animals, plants and fungi?

256

UHS MDCAT 2013

The structures which are reduced during the course of evolution and have no apparent function are called: